Landscaping & Grounds

As of May 2023, there were 13,010 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed in the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA MSA, representing an employment density of 4.618 per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 0.75.

Metro Atlanta residential construction permits experienced a rebound in 2024 with 22,943 new residential building permits authorized—a 12% year-over-year increase—reversing a downward trend that followed a regional permitting peak in 2022.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the Austin-Round Rock, TX metropolitan statistical area employed over 1,420 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) in May 2021, representing a primary trade workforce segment within Texas's statewide total of nearly 65,000 landscaping workers.

In early 2026, residential building permit issuance in the Austin metro area declined 19.7% year-over-year through Q1 2026 (5,213 total residential permits), with March 2026 total permits down 29.5% YoY (1,831 permits). The slowdown was concentrated in multifamily construction (5+ unit permits down nearly 50% to 70%), while single-family permits declined moderately by 4.1% in Q1 2026. This contraction follows a high-volume 2024 when over 32,000 total new residential units were authorized in greater Austin.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD MSA had 7,560 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed as of May 2023, representing an employment density of 5.799 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area.

In the Baltimore region, total authorized new residential building permits declined 12% in 2024 to 6,448 units, down from 2023 levels, and further decreased to 5,775 new residential units authorized in 2025.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data, the Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 2,850 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a location quotient of 0.91 relative to the national average and an annual mean wage of $34,890.

According to HUD SOCDS and Census Building Permits Survey data, residential building permit volume in the Birmingham-Hoover MSA remained virtually flat from 5,176 permitted units in 2021 to 5,173 units in 2022, before moderating slightly to 4,944 units for the 12 months ending March 2023, with trailing 12-month permitting averaging roughly 4,384 units (~3.8 permits per 1,000 residents).

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH metropolitan statistical area employed approximately 6,050 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011).

Residential building permit volume in the Boston metropolitan statistical area has trended downward in recent years. Analysis of U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data indicates that year-to-date residential permitting through mid-2025 fell 44% compared to 2021 levels, with annual permit counts in Boston proper during 2023 and 2024 reaching their lowest levels since 2012.

As of May 2023, the Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY MSA employed 3,390 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing approximately 6.43 workers per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area with a location quotient of 1.05.

Residential building permit activity in the Buffalo metro area showed a 10.1% year-over-year increase, totaling 1,316 authorized building permits over a 12-month period (equivalent to 1.13 permits per 1,000 residents), reflecting a modest acceleration from a historically low construction baseline.

As of May 2023, the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC MSA employed 8,690 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a location quotient of 1.08 and an average density of 6.627 workers per 1,000 total jobs in the metro area.

In the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC MSA, total new privately-owned housing units authorized by building permits reached 25,935 units in 2024, representing an 11.8% decline from 29,419 units authorized in 2023.

In the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI metropolitan area, the landscaping trade employs 28,920 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) representing a density of 6.42 per 1,000 jobs (location quotient of 1.05), alongside 3,200 First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-1012).

New private housing structures authorized by building permits in the Chicago-Naperville-Elgin MSA trended downward following a 2021 peak, experiencing reduced permit issuance through 2022 and 2023 amid elevated interest rates and broader residential construction cooling.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 6,600 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) with an employment location quotient of 1.00 relative to the national average.

According to HUD housing market data for the Cincinnati OH-KY-IN MSA, single-family residential permit volume expanded to 4,250 units for the 12 months ending August 2025 (up from 3,925 in the prior 12-month period), while annual multifamily permitting totaled 2,525 units, showing a steady upward trajectory in overall residential construction activity.

According to U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 data, the Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA employs 6,040 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3012) with a location quotient of 0.99, indicating an employment density essentially identical to the national average.

According to Census Building Permits Survey data, residential building permit volume in the Cleveland-Elyria MSA reached 4,175 authorized units over the trailing 12 months into 2024, a 28.6% year-over-year increase driven by strong permit gains in Cuyahoga County (+43.2%) and Lorain County (+33.4%).

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, the Columbus, OH MSA employed 6,720 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) as of May 2023, representing approximately 6.3 workers per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area.

Residential building permits in Columbus, OH expanded significantly, with total authorized housing units increasing from 5,283 in 2023 to 6,084 in 2024 (a 15.2% year-over-year increase), placing Columbus among the top Midwest metros for new construction growth.

In the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA, the Landscaping & Grounds trade employed 19,840 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) as of May 2023, reflecting a density of 5.21 workers per 1,000 jobs.

Residential building permit activity in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington MSA leads the nation, with 71,788 new housing units authorized in 2024 (and over 61,700 authorized through October 2024), maintaining an upward growth trajectory where single-family construction accounts for nearly 60% of total permits.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data, the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO MSA employed 10,920 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a density of 6.868 landscaping workers per 1,000 jobs in the metropolitan area.

Residential building permit activity in the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood MSA saw a significant decline, with single-family home permits dropping 34% during the 12 months ending August 2023 compared to the prior 12-month period, influenced by rising mortgage interest rates and housing affordability pressures.

The Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI metropolitan statistical area had 12,050 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) and 1,120 Tree Trimmers and Pruners (SOC 37-3013) employed across all industry sectors.

In May 2026, 728 new private housing units were authorized by building permits in the Detroit-Warren-Dearborn MSA (8,825 units trailing 12-month total), representing a -2.3% year-over-year change compared to the previous year.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, the Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT metropolitan statistical area employed 3,880 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing an employment density of 6.881 workers per 1,000 jobs and a mean hourly wage of $21.61 ($44,940 annual mean wage).

In the Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT MSA, residential building permits totaled 120 housing units in May 2026 (a +79.1% increase compared to May 2025) and 1,270 total units over the trailing 12 months, with multi-family construction accounting for 64.2% of recently authorized units.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS data, the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metropolitan statistical area employed approximately 16,050 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) as of May 2023, representing an employment density of 5.05 workers per 1,000 jobs in the regional economy.

According to U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data retrieved via FRED, total private residential housing structures authorized by building permits in the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land MSA trended gradually downward over recent years, moving from 75,474 units in 2022 to 67,376 in 2023, 65,155 in 2024, and 64,991 in 2025 (a cumulative decline of ~13.9%).

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN MSA employed 6,460 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a concentration of 5.964 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area (location quotient of 0.97).

Residential building permits in the Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson MSA totaled 13,794 authorized units in 2022 (a 2.5% year-over-year increase) valued at $3.6 billion. While permitting activity temporarily moderated in early 2023 due to interest rate pressures, total annual permits remained robust at over 13,000 units, with high-volume residential expansion concentrated in suburban ring counties such as Hamilton and Hendricks.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, there were 5,980 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed in the Jacksonville, FL MSA, representing a location quotient of 1.32 (32% higher than the national average concentration) and 8.07 workers per 1,000 total jobs.

Data from the U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey shows that new private housing units authorized by building permits in the Jacksonville, FL MSA maintained steady construction activity, averaging between 1,000 and 1,500 authorized units per month through mid-2026, sustaining ongoing demand for landscaping installation and grounds care.

In the Kansas City, MO-KS metropolitan statistical area, there were 6,390 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed, representing a mean hourly wage of $19.60 and an annual mean wage of $40,760.

Residential building permit volumes in the Kansas City metropolitan region declined in 2023 to their lowest levels in over a decade, with annual residential construction averaging about 6,700 combined single-family and multifamily units per year since 2008—representing roughly 58% of pre-2007 historical levels.

As of May 2023, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 6,580 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed in the Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV metropolitan statistical area, earning an hourly mean wage of $18.50 and an annual mean wage of $38,480.

According to U.S. Census Bureau building permit data, new private housing structures authorized by building permits in Clark County (Las Vegas metro) totaled 16,307 in 2021, moderated to 13,066 in 2022 and 13,073 in 2023, and subsequently rebounded to 14,754 in 2024.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA metropolitan statistical area employed 27,930 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) in May 2023. This represents a density of 4.51 workers per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area (location quotient of 0.74) with an annual mean wage of $43,530.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, total new privately-owned housing units authorized by building permits in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA metropolitan area declined from 13,154 units in 2023 to 10,488 units in 2024, a decrease of 2,666 units (-20.3%).

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN MSA employed approximately 3,300 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) as of May 2023, representing a trade worker density of 4.97 per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area.

New residential construction permitting in Louisville/Jefferson County has experienced a downward trend over recent years, declining from an annual average of 3,613 permits between 2014 and 2018 to an annual average of 1,488 permits between 2019 and 2023, with 1,239 new construction permits issued in 2023.

In the Memphis, TN-MS-AR Metropolitan Statistical Area, there were 2,860 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed as of May 2023, representing an employment concentration of 4.575 workers per 1,000 jobs (location quotient of 0.75).

Residential construction and permit activity in the Memphis, TN-MS-AR MSA showed a moderating trend, with home sales falling 14% year-over-year to 22,200 total sales for the 12 months ending May 2024, and 1,950 multi-family units under construction satisfying the bulk of forecasted 3-year rental demand.

As of May 2023, the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL metropolitan area employed 20,490 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), with a concentration of 7.53 workers per 1,000 jobs (location quotient of 1.23).

The Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach metropolitan area authorized 16,352 new residential housing units in 2024, representing a 23.3% decline compared to 21,320 units authorized in 2023.

As of May 2023, there were 5,030 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed in the Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI metropolitan area, representing a location quotient of 1.01 and an annual mean wage of $39,670 ($19.07 hourly mean).

In the Milwaukee metropolitan area, multi-family residential permitting declined during 2021–2023 compared to pre-pandemic (2017–2019) levels while single-family permitting held flat, though single-family permitting experienced a modest uptick in the 12 months ending August 2025.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA employed 11,200 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a density of 5.86 workers per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area.

Residential construction permit volume in the Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington MSA experienced a moderate cooling trend following post-pandemic highs, with single-family building permits averaging approximately 9,500 units annually from 2020 through 2024 and total authorized residential housing units declining by approximately 6.8% year-over-year across 2024–2025.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN Metropolitan Statistical Area had 5,140 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed in May 2023, representing a density of 4.786 workers per 1,000 jobs.

Residential permitting activity in the Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin MSA remained active with 17,930 total housing permits authorized over a trailing 12-month period (up 19.0% year-over-year), while construction moderated toward sustainable levels with 22,800 rental units and 7,700 single-family sales homes under construction as of April 2024.

According to the BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the New Orleans-Metairie, LA MSA employed 2,170 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) as of May 2023, representing a location quotient of 0.69 compared to the national average.

Residential construction permitting in the New Orleans-Metairie MSA experienced a significant contraction, with total residential permits dropping 68.4% year-over-year (falling from 376 to 119 units) and single-family permits declining by 75% in 2025.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), there were 51,790 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed in the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA metropolitan statistical area, representing approximately 5.45 workers per 1,000 jobs with a location quotient of 0.89.

According to U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey reports via HUD User, residential construction activity in the New York-Newark-Jersey City MSA saw multi-family building permit volume contract significantly (down 19% to 51% across recent tracking periods), while single-family residential permitting experienced modest stabilization and occasional single-digit to low double-digit percentage gains.

As of May 2023, the Oklahoma City, OK Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 4,180 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) with an employment location quotient of 1.04 relative to the national baseline.

In the Oklahoma City MSA, residential construction activity remained substantial as of June 2024, with 4,250 single-family sales units and 5,525 rental units under construction. Over the June 2024 to June 2027 forecast period, total housing demand is estimated at 19,550 single-family sales units and 4,475 rental units, despite home sales declining 15% in the 12 months ending May 2024.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA employed 10,890 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing 7.97 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area and a location quotient of 1.30 relative to the national average.

According to U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey data, total residential building permits in the Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA increased by 15% from 24,135 units in 2024 to 27,758 units in 2025, outperforming national construction trends driven by regional expansion.

According to May 2023 BLS OEWS estimates for the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD metropolitan area, there were 18,430 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed in the metro, representing a density of 6.51 workers per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 1.06.

Residential permitting activity in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington MSA experienced a temporary slowdown from 2021–2022 peaks, issuing 12,442 housing unit permits through late 2023 (5,559 single-family and 6,883 multi-family units), before single-family permit issuance stabilized and turned to positive year-over-year growth into 2024.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 15,270 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) in May 2023, representing a density of 6.67 jobs per 1,000 total jobs in the metro area (location quotient of 1.09).

Residential building permit authorizations in the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ MSA peaked in 2021–2022 at over 60,000 total units before experiencing a significant downward correction through late 2022 and 2023 due to elevated mortgage rates, followed by a moderation and stabilization in permitting activity through 2024–2025.

According to May 2023 BLS OEWS data, the Pittsburgh, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 6,770 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), with an hourly mean wage of $17.75 and an annual mean wage of $36,910.

Residential building permit volume in the Pittsburgh MSA / HMA declined approximately 10% from 7,400 total units permitted in 2023 to 6,658 units for the 12-month period ending April 2024.

According to the May 2023 BLS OEWS, the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA metropolitan area employed 6,410 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a density of 5.312 jobs per 1,000 total occupations in the metro area.

Residential construction permitting in the Portland metropolitan area and Oregon state has slowed in recent years: statewide housing permits declined from over 20,000 in 2022 to under 18,000 in 2023 and roughly 13,000 in 2024, with total housing unit permits inside Portland city limits dropping 47.4% from 3,089 in 2023 to 1,624 in 2024.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 4,480 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a density of approximately 9.18 workers per 1,000 jobs.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey, residential building permit issuance in the Providence-Warwick, RI-MA MSA experienced a multi-year slowdown overall between 2022 and 2024 due to elevated mortgage rates and construction costs, with multi-family developments accounting for 48.9% of total authorized housing units in 2024.

The Raleigh-Cary metro area authorized 18,206 residential building permits trailing 12 months, yielding 12.81 permits per 1,000 residents with a year-over-year permit volume increase of +15.5%, representing one of the highest-velocity construction pipelines in the nation.

According to BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data for the Richmond, VA MSA, there were 4,170 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) employed in the metropolitan area in May 2023, representing a density of 6.434 groundskeeping workers per 1,000 jobs (location quotient of 1.05).

Residential building permit activity in the Richmond, VA metro area moderated after reaching post-pandemic peaks, with regional building permit volume declining by roughly 20% in early 2024 compared to 2023 levels as higher mortgage rates slowed new residential authorizations.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS estimates, the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA employed 13,520 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a density of 8.13 workers per 1,000 jobs in the metropolitan area.

Residential permit activity in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario MSA saw a drop in single-family permits of approximately 36% from early 2022 to early 2023 (falling from a peak of 1,588 units monthly down to 400–700 units), while multifamily permitting temporarily surged over 45% to reach 5,150 units. Overall permitting volume subsequently contracted through 2024–2025, dropping by roughly 39% compared to 2020 levels primarily due to a pullback in large multifamily projects.

In May 2023, the Sacramento-Roseville-Arden-Arcade, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 8,110 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a density of 7.74 workers per 1,000 total jobs in the metro area (location quotient of 1.26).

Construction permit activity in Sacramento expanded significantly from 2022 to 2024, growing from 5,191 total construction permits ($1.30 billion valuation) in 2022 to 6,894 permits ($1.77 billion valuation) in 2023, and maintaining a elevated level of 6,747 permits in 2024 with a total valuation rising to $1.96 billion.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics May 2023 OEWS estimates, the Salt Lake City, UT Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 4,590 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011).

In 2024, Salt Lake City issued 9,190 total building permits, representing a slight decline in volume from the prior two years. However, total permitted project valuation reached a record $3,370,854,818 (over $3.37 billion)—more than a billion dollars higher than any prior year in the city's history—driven by large multi-family residential, commercial, and industrial projects.

According to Census Bureau County Business Patterns data, there were 3,124 landscaping services establishments (NAICS 561730) operating in the San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX MSA. Additionally, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS data reported 4,010 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3012) employed across the metropolitan area.

Residential sales/single-family unit permitting in the San Antonio-New Braunfels MSA expanded by more than 17 percent (an increase of 2,650 units) to 17,800 permitted sales units for the 12 months ending September 2024. Conversely, apartment rental permitting slowed below 4,000 units during the same period following a high-volume delivery phase.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) data, the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA metropolitan statistical area employed approximately 10,870 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) with a mean hourly wage of $21.90 and a median annual wage of $45,560.

Residential building permit activity in the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad MSA remained steady, authorizing 11,572 new private housing units in 2024 compared to 11,469 units in 2023, reflecting stable overall housing construction following a post-2022 multi-family moderation.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley, CA metropolitan statistical area employed 12,270 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011). In addition, U.S. Census Bureau County Business Patterns (CBP) data reported 1,403 Landscaping Services (NAICS 561730) establishment units in the regional metropolitan market area.

Residential construction permitting in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley MSA declined 18.8% in 2022 to 11,048 total housing units authorized ($3.0 billion total permit value). In the city of San Francisco, authorized new housing units dropped further in 2023 to 1,823 units, representing the lowest annual permitting level since 2010 due to elevated interest rates and high construction costs.

As of May 2023, the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA MSA employed 6,200 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), corresponding to an employment density of 5.43 workers per 1,000 total jobs in the metropolitan area and a location quotient of 0.89 relative to the national average.

Total residential building permits issued in the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara MSA declined by 68% between July 2020 and July 2025, dropping from 1,949 permits to 623 permits, representing the steepest permit drop among major U.S. metropolitan areas over that timeframe.

As of May 2023, the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA metropolitan area employed 10,880 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), representing a workforce density of 5.23 workers per 1,000 jobs and a location quotient of 0.85.

In the Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue metro, single-family building permit activity rose 16% year-over-year through September 2024 (5,135 permits) while multifamily dropped 12% (7,452 permits). By May 2025 YTD, total permitting contracted further, with single-family permits down 8% (2,709 permits) and multifamily permits down 46% (2,587 permits) compared to the prior year.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area employed 8,730 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) as of May 2023.

Residential building permit activity in the St. Louis, MO-IL MSA declined in 2025: single-family unit authorizations fell 10% to 4,175 units (down from 4,650 in 2024) and multifamily authorizations fell 19% to 1,650 units (down from 2,050 in 2024), placing overall residential construction permitting below historical averages.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics OEWS (May 2023), the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA employed 8,750 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011), with a location quotient of 1.01 relative to the national average.

Single-family residential building permits in the Tampa MSA experienced a slowdown after peaking at 19,305 in 2021, declining to 15,678 in 2022 and 14,502 in 2023 due to rising housing costs, elevated mortgage rates, and property insurance price increases.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC metropolitan area employed 4,340 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) as of May 2023, with an annual mean wage of $36,510 and a location quotient of 0.96.

Single-family housing building permits in the Hampton Roads / Virginia Beach metropolitan area increased by 5.5% in 2024 compared to the prior year, marking a positive turnaround after three consecutive years of declining permit activity.

According to the May 2023 BLS OEWS survey, the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV metropolitan area employed 16,680 Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers (SOC 37-3011) with an employment density location quotient of 0.88 and an annual mean wage of $42,750.

New private housing units authorized by building permits in the Washington-Arlington-Alexandria metro area experienced a sharp downward trend in recent years, falling from 7,705 units in 2022 to 3,020 units in 2023 and 1,737 units in 2024.