{
  "slug": "roofing",
  "name": "Roofing",
  "in_level_book": true,
  "scores": {
    "resilience": 68.5,
    "leverage": 81.1,
    "trade_ai_score": 74.8,
    "quadrant": "race-to-modernize",
    "quadrant_label": "Race to Modernize",
    "quadrant_desc": "Big AI upside but exposed to disruption. Move now — the operators who modernize win.",
    "resilience_rel": 22.4,
    "leverage_rel": 80
  },
  "subscores": {
    "resilience": {
      "physical_core": 90,
      "disintermediation": 60,
      "entry_barrier": 62,
      "switching_cost": 48
    },
    "leverage": {
      "coordination_drag": 82,
      "operating_leverage": 88,
      "revenue_expansion": 74,
      "data_amplification": 78
    },
    "basis": "Physical work AI cannot do, but low lock-in and easy new-entrant flow (storm chasers). Big operating-leverage upside: insurance/retail cash-cycle, closeout lag, mis-costed jobs."
  },
  "research": {
    "labor": {
      "median_hourly_wage_usd": 24.05,
      "median_wage_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472181.htm",
      "median_wage_year": "2023",
      "us_employment": 135140,
      "employment_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS), https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes472181.htm",
      "projected_10yr_growth_pct": 6,
      "growth_source": "U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook (2024-2034 Projections), https://www.bls.gov/ooh/construction-and-extraction/roofers.htm",
      "labor_shortage_note": "The National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) estimated an industry-wide shortage of approximately 40,000 unfilled roofing jobs due to high demand and a lack of qualified trade professionals.",
      "labor_shortage_source": "National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA), 2021, https://www.nrca.net"
    },
    "market": {
      "industry_revenue_usd": 92500000000,
      "revenue_source": "IBISWorld - Roofing Contractors in the US Market Research Report (https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/roofing-contractors-industry/)",
      "revenue_year": "2026",
      "num_establishments": 108598,
      "establishments_source": "IBISWorld - Roofing Contractors in the US Market Research Report (https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/roofing-contractors-industry/)",
      "fragmentation_note": "The U.S. roofing contracting industry is highly fragmented with low market share concentration. The largest market participants (such as CentiMark Corporation and Tecta America) hold a very small share of total industry revenue, and the vast majority (~98%) of establishments operate as independent local or regional contractors.",
      "fragmentation_source": "IBISWorld - Roofing Contractors in the US Market Research Report (https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/market-research-reports/roofing-contractors-industry/)"
    },
    "economics": {
      "gross_margin_pct": 22.4,
      "gross_margin_source": "CFMA (2025 Construction Financial Benchmarker, 2024 Data for Specialty Trades), https://cfma.org",
      "net_margin_pct": 7.7,
      "net_margin_source": "CFMA (2025 Construction Financial Benchmarker, 2024 Data for Specialty Trades), https://cfma.org",
      "labor_pct_of_revenue": 7.2,
      "labor_pct_source": "CFMA (2025 Construction Financial Benchmarker, 2024 Data for Specialty Trades), https://cfma.org",
      "revenue_per_employee_usd": 320661,
      "rev_per_employee_source": "CFMA (2025 Construction Financial Benchmarker, 2024 Data for Specialty Trades), https://cfma.org"
    },
    "cash_cycle": {
      "dso_days": 56,
      "dso_source": "Billd 2025 National Subcontractor Market Report (2025), https://billd.com/subcontractor-market-report/",
      "retainage_pct": 10,
      "retainage_source": "Levelset Ultimate Guide to Retainage (2023), https://www.levelset.com/retainage/",
      "days_to_payment": 83,
      "days_to_payment_source": "Levelset 2021 Construction Cash Flow & Payment Report (2021), https://www.levelset.com/blog/2021-construction-cash-flow-payment-report/",
      "cashflow_note": "According to the Levelset / Procore 2022 Construction Cash Flow & Payment Report, only 12% of construction businesses report always getting paid on time, and 64% of subcontractors experience slow payments from general contractors.",
      "cashflow_source": "Levelset / Procore 2022 Construction Cash Flow & Payment Report (2022), https://www.levelset.com/blog/2022-construction-cash-flow-payment-report/"
    },
    "ai_exposure": {
      "ai_resistant_work": "Physical installation and manual labor on the job site remain highly resistant to AI and robotic automation. Key physical tasks that are hard to replace include: manual tear-off of damaged shingles, felt, and rotted plywood decking; precision hand-flashing around chimneys, skylights, plumbing vents, and wall intersections; custom sheet-metal fabrication; heat-welding single-ply TPO/EPDM membrane seams; and installing tile, slate, or shingles on complex, high-pitch steep slopes. These tasks require real-time tactile judgment, fine motor skills, structural integrity assessment, dynamic balance, and physical agility under hazardous and extreme outdoor weather conditions.",
      "automatable_work": "Back-office operations, estimating, inspection analysis, and sales coordination are the most automatable tasks in the roofing trade. Key automatable functions include: (1) Aerial and remote roof measuring using satellite, aircraft, or drone photogrammetry to calculate roof square footage, slope, and waste factor automatically; (2) Computer vision defect detection to analyze drone or smartphone photos for hail, wind damage, or shingle wear to support insurance claims; (3) Instant bid and proposal generation, turning measurement data into detailed pricing in seconds; (4) Automated lead scoring, immediate SMS/email quote follow-ups, and appointment scheduling via CRM systems; and (5) Supply chain verification, such as automated order health checks that audit order lists against local building codes and manufacturer warranty rules.",
      "adoption_examples": "Documented adoption in the roofing industry spans trade studies, software platforms, and distributor tools: (1) Trade Studies: DEWALT's 'AI in the Trades' survey (2026, reported by the National Roofing Contractors Association) found 90% of construction professionals believe AI will be indispensable within five years, with 41% using AI for estimation/procurement and 37% actively researching/piloting tools. (2) AI Measurement & Inspection: EagleView Assess and Hover utilize computer vision on drone and smartphone photos to construct interactive 3D roof models and automatically pinpoint storm damage for insurance claims. (3) Distributor Integration: SRS Distribution launched an AI Center of Excellence and embedded AI into RoofHub, performing automated 'health checks' on orders to flag missing code-compliant accessories before checkout. (4) AI Estimating & Sales: Platforms like Roofr, QuoteIQ, and Pitch Gauge leverage AI to build instant quotes and proposals in under 60 seconds, while platforms like CrewLadder automate post-quote follow-up campaigns during post-storm lead surges.",
      "sources": [
        "National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) (2026) - 'Only 8% of U.S. construction professionals use AI on the job' - https://www.nrca.net/news-events/news/2026/05/12/Only-8--of-U.S.-construction-professionals-use-AI-on-the-job-11881",
        "Roofing Contractor Magazine (2025) - 'Distributors Streamlining Operations with AI' - https://www.roofingcontractor.com/articles/99248-distributors-streamlining-operations-with-ai",
        "EagleView (2025) - 'How Drone Roof Measuring Software Solves Problems' - https://www.eagleview.com/blog/drone-roof-measuring-software/",
        "National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) (2024) - 'AI in Construction' - https://www.nrca.net/professional-roofing/articles/2024/08/ai-in-construction",
        "Hook Agency (2025) - 'What AI Can Already Do Today in Roofing Sales' - https://hookagency.com/blog/ai-in-roofing-sales/"
      ]
    },
    "ma_consolidation": {
      "consolidation_activity": "The US roofing trade is experiencing intense private equity consolidation and roll-up activity. The number of PE-backed roofing platforms grew from 17 at the start of 2023 to 56 by the end of 2024 (a 229% increase), with private equity firms acquiring a US roofing business approximately every 48 hours and completing 134 acquisitions in 2024 alone. This rapid consolidation is driven by extreme industry fragmentation (the top 5 contractors control less than 10% of total market share), non-discretionary repair and replacement demand (which represents ~64% of industry volume), high average ticket sizes, and stable, storm-driven cash flows.",
      "typical_ebitda_multiple": "Acquisition multiples for US roofing companies typically range from 4x to 8x EBITDA for standard regional contractors, with an overall market spread of 3x to 12x+ depending on scale and revenue mix: small add-on/tuck-in acquisitions (<$1M EBITDA) trade at 3x–5x EBITDA; mid-sized lower middle-market targets ($1M–$3M EBITDA) trade at 4x–7x EBITDA; platform-quality residential/commercial operators ($3M–$10M+ EBITDA) command 6x–10x EBITDA; and large commercial platforms with recurring maintenance contracts and multi-state footprints command 8x–12x+ EBITDA.",
      "multiple_source": "CT Acquisitions Roofing M&A Multiples Report (2026); GF Data and PitchBook transaction databases (2024–2026); Profitability Partners Home Services M&A Advisory Reports (2026); Focus Investment Banking quarterly commentary (2026).",
      "notable_acquirers_or_deals": "Notable PE platforms and transactions include: Tecta America (backed by Altas Partners), the largest PE-backed commercial platform with ~$960M+ in revenue and recent acquisitions including Alpine Roofing and Texas Roofing; Roofing Corp of America / RCA (backed by HGGC); Latite Roofing (acquired by Sun Capital Partners in 2025); the combination of Leaf Home and Erie Home (backed by Ares Management, Apollo Global Management, and Gridiron Capital); Eskola Roofing & Waterproofing (active roll-up buyer across 11 states); and distribution-tier mega-acquisitions including QXO's $11 billion acquisition of Beacon Roofing Supply and Home Depot's $18.25 billion acquisition of SRS Distribution.",
      "sources": [
        "Roofing Contractor (2025), 'Tariffs, Talent and Tech: The New Rules of Roofing Consolidation', https://www.roofingcontractor.com",
        "CT Acquisitions (2026), 'Roofing M&A Multiples Report & Private Equity Tracker', https://www.ctacquisitions.com",
        "Profitability Partners (2026), 'Private Equity in Roofing: What Owners Need to Know', https://profitabilitypartners.io",
        "Zoom Investors (2026), 'Roofing Private Equity: Market Context and Investment Thesis', https://zoominvestors.com"
      ]
    },
    "tech_stack": {
      "dominant_fsm_software": "AccuLynx and JobNimbus represent the primary dominant Field Service Management (FSM) and CRM platforms purpose-built for US roofing contractors. AccuLynx leads in insurance restoration and mid-to-large operations, while JobNimbus dominates retail and small-to-midsize roofing contractors. ServiceTitan, Roofr, and Leap are also commonly used across larger or sales-focused workflows.",
      "common_accounting_software": "QuickBooks (QuickBooks Online and QuickBooks Desktop by Intuit) is the overwhelmingly dominant accounting system used by US roofing contractors, followed by Sage Construction (Sage 100 Contractor / Sage 300) and Xero.",
      "adoption_or_integration_note": "According to Intuit's 2026 Construction Technology Report and National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) member tech benchmarks, 67% of contractors use accounting/enterprise software and 61% use cloud systems. However, 75% of firm decision-makers report spending excessive time managing data due to disconnected tech stacks, 92% desire a single integrated platform connecting field operations with financial accounting, and un-integrated field-to-office workflows average 4.2 data entry errors per job.",
      "sources": [
        "Spotio, 'The 10 Best Roofing Software Platforms for 2026' (2026) - https://spotio.com",
        "Roofing Software Guide, 'AccuLynx vs JobNimbus Comparison' (2026) - https://roofingsoftwareguide.com",
        "Intuit, 'Construction Technology & Profitability Report' (2026) - https://www.intuit.com",
        "National Roofing Contractors Association Technology Surveys (via US Tech Automations, 2025) - https://ustechautomations.com"
      ]
    }
  },
  "market_structure": {
    "permits": [
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_year": "2022",
        "permits": "415901",
        "contractors": "31508",
        "p25_job_value": "7424.0",
        "median_job_value": "18945.0",
        "p75_job_value": "78335.0",
        "p90_job_value": "346747.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_year": "2023",
        "permits": "537970",
        "contractors": "33303",
        "p25_job_value": "7219.0",
        "median_job_value": "17275.0",
        "p75_job_value": "83112.0",
        "p90_job_value": "331148.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_year": "2024",
        "permits": "305197",
        "contractors": "30150",
        "p25_job_value": "9131.0",
        "median_job_value": "28412.0",
        "p75_job_value": "113388.0",
        "p90_job_value": "370784.0"
      }
    ],
    "seasonality": [
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "01",
        "permits": "37385",
        "avg_value": "298025.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "02",
        "permits": "42035",
        "avg_value": "438419.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "03",
        "permits": "45165",
        "avg_value": "248959.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "04",
        "permits": "39250",
        "avg_value": "428466.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "05",
        "permits": "41164",
        "avg_value": "261989.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "06",
        "permits": "46447",
        "avg_value": "268875.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "07",
        "permits": "41650",
        "avg_value": "279594.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "08",
        "permits": "45124",
        "avg_value": "431365.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "09",
        "permits": "42174",
        "avg_value": "424245.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "10",
        "permits": "73886",
        "avg_value": "167442.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "11",
        "permits": "42747",
        "avg_value": "255373.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "permit_month": "12",
        "permits": "40943",
        "avg_value": "367307.0"
      }
    ],
    "size_tiers": [
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "size_tier": "Micro (5-19)",
        "contractors": "20841",
        "avg_total_value_m": "3.6"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "size_tier": "Small (20-99)",
        "contractors": "8028",
        "avg_total_value_m": "14.91"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "size_tier": "Mid (100-499)",
        "contractors": "1524",
        "avg_total_value_m": "42.8"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "size_tier": "Large (500+)",
        "contractors": "244",
        "avg_total_value_m": "170.48"
      }
    ],
    "top_states": [
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "FL",
        "permits": "487617",
        "contractors": "15692",
        "median_job_value": "13631.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "CA",
        "permits": "188804",
        "contractors": "15782",
        "median_job_value": "29145.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "CO",
        "permits": "122820",
        "contractors": "3186",
        "median_job_value": "7925.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "OR",
        "permits": "85065",
        "contractors": "1745",
        "median_job_value": "3.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "TX",
        "permits": "51867",
        "contractors": "4567",
        "median_job_value": "42647.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "WA",
        "permits": "37808",
        "contractors": "2054",
        "median_job_value": "21324.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "IN",
        "permits": "25901",
        "contractors": "1016",
        "median_job_value": "67020.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "IL",
        "permits": "23063",
        "contractors": "3605",
        "median_job_value": "59130.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "MA",
        "permits": "21548",
        "contractors": "3537",
        "median_job_value": "33818.0"
      },
      {
        "trade_category": "Roofing",
        "state": "NC",
        "permits": "21528",
        "contractors": "2250",
        "median_job_value": "137391.0"
      }
    ]
  },
  "reputation": {
    "available": true,
    "source": "Public business-review listings (aggregated April 2026). Aggregate only; no individual business identified.",
    "n_businesses": 22796,
    "avg_rating": 3.8,
    "rating_p25": 3,
    "rating_median": 4,
    "rating_p75": 4.9,
    "avg_reviews": 13.75,
    "reviews_median": 6,
    "reviews_p90": 29,
    "claimed_pct": 77.9,
    "closed_pct": 4.3,
    "top_states": [
      {
        "state": "CA",
        "n": 3371
      },
      {
        "state": "TX",
        "n": 2413
      },
      {
        "state": "FL",
        "n": 1833
      },
      {
        "state": "IL",
        "n": 1094
      },
      {
        "state": "NY",
        "n": 926
      }
    ]
  },
  "firmographics": {
    "available": true,
    "source": "Aggregated public business firmographic records (multi-source SMB dataset). Revenue/employee/age/employer-rating distributions per trade. Aggregate only; no individual company identified.",
    "n_companies": 11823,
    "revenue_usd": {
      "n": 3299,
      "p25": 5800000,
      "median": 9900000,
      "p75": 20149318,
      "p90": 34509372
    },
    "employees": {
      "n": 1796,
      "p25": 35,
      "median": 49,
      "p75": 87,
      "p90": 150
    },
    "founded_year_median": 2009,
    "employer_rating_avg": 3.74,
    "employer_rating_n": 1615,
    "top_states": []
  },
  "level_published": {
    "slug": "roofing",
    "trade": "Roofing",
    "page": "https://levelcfo.com/benchmarks/roofing/",
    "public_company_comps": [
      "Installed Building Products (IBP)",
      "TopBuild (BLD)",
      "Beacon Roofing Supply (BECN)"
    ],
    "benchmarks": [
      {
        "tier": "A",
        "metric": "Roofer median wage (SOC 47-2181)",
        "value": "$50,970/yr",
        "detail": "Mean $57,090, 10th pct $37,060, 90th $80,780.",
        "source": "BLS OEWS, May 2024",
        "url": "https://www.bls.gov/oes/tables.htm"
      },
      {
        "tier": "A",
        "metric": "Installation-trade public gross margin (proxy)",
        "value": "30% to 34%",
        "detail": "Installed Building Products (IBP) 33.8%, TopBuild (BLD) 30.5%, FY2024. These are insulation installers, not roofers (TopBuild's figure blends a lower-margin distribution segment), and roofing carries a different material-cost share. Treat as a loose installation-trade analog, not a roofing gross margin.",
        "source": "SEC 10-K filings (IBP, BLD) FY2024",
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0001580905&type=10-K"
      },
      {
        "tier": "B",
        "metric": "Roofing contractor firm-wide net margin",
        "value": "~6% (firm-wide)",
        "detail": "Association figure, though dated (2018). Vendor blogs cite 12-25% but those are job-level or best-case, not firm-wide. We show both honestly.",
        "source": "NRCA (National Roofing Contractors Association), 2018",
        "url": "https://www.nrca.net/roofing-news/"
      },
      {
        "tier": "B",
        "metric": "US roofing market size",
        "value": "~$92B, ~109,000 firms",
        "detail": "Re-roofing/renovation is ~80% of demand. Roughly 80-90% of total roofing demand is non-discretionary (leaks, storm and age-driven replacement); the 80-85% figure is the widely cited manufacturer/distributor baseline (Owens Corning, Beacon), the ~90% upper bound comes from a 2025 mid-market banking report (Brown Gibbons Lang).",
        "source": "IBISWorld, Roofing Contractors (2026); Owens Corning / Beacon investor materials",
        "url": "https://www.ibisworld.com/united-states/industry/roofing-contractors/1976/"
      },
      {
        "tier": "C",
        "metric": "Roofing gross margin (well-run)",
        "value": "~35-40% GM; commercial job-level 25-30%+",
        "detail": "Directional; job-level commercial margins run well above firm-wide net.",
        "source": "Industry coaching sources - directional",
        "url": "https://profitabilitypartners.io/"
      }
    ],
    "key_stat": {
      "value": "~80%",
      "label": "of roofing demand is re-roof/repair, and 80-90% of total roofing demand is non-discretionary (recession-resistant)"
    },
    "hero_stats": [
      {
        "value": "80%+",
        "caption": "Re-roof / repair demand",
        "label": "share of roofing demand, recession-resistant"
      },
      {
        "value": "$50,970",
        "caption": "Median roofer wage",
        "label": "BLS OEWS, SOC 47-2181, May 2024"
      },
      {
        "value": "~34%",
        "caption": "Gross margin (proxy)",
        "label": "installation-trade comp, Installed Building Products FY2024"
      },
      {
        "value": "~$92B",
        "caption": "US market size",
        "label": "roofing contractors (IBISWorld)"
      }
    ],
    "segment_reads": {
      "title": "What the public installation and roofing-adjacent companies actually earn",
      "note": "n/d = not disclosed at that cut. TopBuild distribution margin shown on segment basis (includes intercompany); external basis is 17.3%. These are installation and distribution proxies, not roofing pure-plays, so treat the level as directional and the ladder as the real signal.",
      "rows": [
        {
          "company": "Installed Building Products (IBP)",
          "scope": "Consolidated, FY2024",
          "gross": "33.8%",
          "operating": "13.0%",
          "net": "8.7%",
          "note": "Insulation installer, the closest install-trade analog."
        },
        {
          "company": "TopBuild (BLD)",
          "scope": "Installation segment, FY2024",
          "gross": "n/d",
          "operating": "19.7%",
          "net": "n/d",
          "note": "The install arm, higher-margin than distribution."
        },
        {
          "company": "TopBuild (BLD)",
          "scope": "Specialty Distribution segment, FY2024",
          "gross": "n/d",
          "operating": "15.1%",
          "net": "n/d",
          "note": "The distribution arm, the drag on the blend."
        },
        {
          "company": "Beacon Roofing Supply (BECN)",
          "scope": "Consolidated, FY2024",
          "gross": "25.7%",
          "operating": "6.8%",
          "net": "3.7%",
          "note": "Pure roofing DISTRIBUTOR, the thin-margin contrast."
        }
      ]
    },
    "true_margin_bridge": {
      "headline": "The re-roof looked like a 35% margin. After the fully-burdened crew and the callback, it is closer to 20%.",
      "method": "Reproduce it on your own book: start from the quoted gross margin, subtract the fully-burdened roofing-crew hours (BLS SOC 47-2181 median wage times about 1.3 for taxes, workers' comp, which runs high for roofing, and benefits), then the tear-off, disposal, and drive time the job under-charges for, then the callback and warranty rate. The gap between the quoted margin and what lands is where roofers quietly lose money on jobs that priced fine.",
      "chart": {
        "title": "Where a residential re-roof's apparent margin goes",
        "unit": "%",
        "sample": "Level analysis; labor anchored to BLS SOC 47-2181 wage + statutory burden",
        "points": [
          {
            "name": "Apparent gross margin",
            "value": 35
          },
          {
            "name": "Less fully-burdened crew",
            "value": 27
          },
          {
            "name": "Less tear-off / disposal / drive",
            "value": 24
          },
          {
            "name": "True margin after callback",
            "value": 20
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "findings": [
      {
        "headline": "The margin ladder: doing the install earns far more than moving the material.",
        "insight": "There is no public pure-play roofer, so the closest reads are installers and distributors. The pattern is a ladder: the installer (IBP 33.8% gross) out-earns the roofing distributor (Beacon 25.7% gross), and inside TopBuild the installation segment beats distribution on operating margin too. A roofing contractor's economics live in the install labor and the job, not in marking up shingles.",
        "source": "IBP, Beacon Roofing Supply, TopBuild FY2024 10-Ks",
        "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1580905/000158090525000010/R5.htm",
        "chart": {
          "title": "Installation-trade vs distribution gross margin, FY2024",
          "unit": "%",
          "sample": "IBP, Beacon, TopBuild FY2024 10-Ks (GM = gross, OM = operating)",
          "points": [
            {
              "name": "IBP (installer, GM)",
              "value": 33.8
            },
            {
              "name": "Beacon (roofing distributor, GM)",
              "value": 25.7
            },
            {
              "name": "TopBuild Install (OM)",
              "value": 19.7
            },
            {
              "name": "TopBuild Distribution (OM)",
              "value": 15.1
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "headline": "Roofing margin depends more on the labor model than the job type, especially on re-roofs.",
        "insight": "Roofing is the most contested trade for margin, and the reason is the labor model, not the job type. The same residential re-roof reads as 40 to 52% gross with in-house crews or 30 to 40% when labor is subbed out. Repairs run highest (45 to 65%) but are a small revenue share; new construction is thinnest. Treat these as directional, and know that your crew structure moves the number as much as the work does.",
        "source": "RoofPredict, RunClockwork 2026 (directional)",
        "chart": {
          "title": "Gross margin by work type (directional; re-roof split by labor model)",
          "unit": "%",
          "sample": "Directional: RoofPredict, RunClockwork (2026)",
          "points": [
            {
              "name": "Repair / small job",
              "value": 55
            },
            {
              "name": "Re-roof (in-house crew)",
              "value": 46
            },
            {
              "name": "Re-roof (subbed labor)",
              "value": 35
            },
            {
              "name": "New construction",
              "value": 23
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "headline": "The roofer wage runs about $18 to $39 an hour, the lowest base of the major trades.",
        "insight": "Base wages look low, but roofing carries some of the highest workers' comp rates of any trade, so the fully-loaded burden is heavier than the wage suggests. Add that plus tear-off, disposal, and callback exposure before you trust a job's quoted margin. Costing at the base wage overstates roofing margin more than most trades.",
        "source": "BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics, May 2024, SOC 47-2181",
        "chart": {
          "title": "Roofer hourly wage percentiles (BLS OEWS, May 2024)",
          "unit": "",
          "sample": "BLS OEWS May 2024, SOC 47-2181 (n=136,740)",
          "points": [
            {
              "name": "P10",
              "value": 17.82
            },
            {
              "name": "P25",
              "value": 21.78
            },
            {
              "name": "Median",
              "value": 24.51
            },
            {
              "name": "P75",
              "value": 30.78
            },
            {
              "name": "P90",
              "value": 38.84
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "_license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (free to cite with attribution to Level, levelcfo.com)",
    "_publisher": "Level"
  },
  "comps": [
    {
      "ticker": "BECN",
      "name": "Beacon Roofing Supply, Inc.",
      "return_6m_pct": null,
      "return_1y_pct": null,
      "gross_margin_pct": 25.7,
      "ev_ebitda": 12.04,
      "market_cap_billions": 7.72
    },
    {
      "ticker": "BLD",
      "name": "TopBuild Corp.",
      "return_6m_pct": null,
      "return_1y_pct": null,
      "gross_margin_pct": 28.96,
      "ev_ebitda": 12.55,
      "market_cap_billions": 9.94
    },
    {
      "ticker": "IBP",
      "name": "Installed Building Products, Inc.",
      "return_6m_pct": -32.2,
      "return_1y_pct": -15.2,
      "gross_margin_pct": 33.87,
      "ev_ebitda": 13.81,
      "market_cap_billions": 5.95
    },
    {
      "ticker": "OC",
      "name": "Owens Corning",
      "return_6m_pct": 14.8,
      "return_1y_pct": -6.7,
      "gross_margin_pct": 27.18,
      "ev_ebitda": 8.5,
      "market_cap_billions": 11.59
    }
  ]
}